Where Can I Take a Child Care Exam Online?

A childcare exam may be taken online through a specific nonprofit organization, International Nanny Association. This article details that exam, requirements, stipulations and the organization that offers it.

Childcare Online Exam: Overview

The International Nanny Association (INA) offers an online exam in childcare for in-home childcare workers. INA is a nonprofit organization that has been around since 1985, serving the needs of childcare workers and others within the industry as well as providing resources and information. Members of INA include nannies, nanny agencies, nanny employers, industry service providers and educators.
INA offers a credentialed examination, which can be taken online. It requires that the nanny has worked at least 2,000 hours as an in-home nanny. This is the equivalent of a year of full-time work. In addition to this, the test-taker must be certified in infant or child CPR and first aid. The applicant must find a proctor who administers the exam. A score of 70% is required to pass. Once the nanny passes, he or she receives a certificate in the mail, and the person's name is placed on the INA members list. The exam is composed of 90 multiple-choice questions and accessible through the INA website.

Exam Questions

Many issues are tested on the exam. They may include child development, guidance, safety, nutrition, management skills, health, multicultural awareness and a nanny's personal qualities. The basic understanding of these concepts demonstrates the test-taker's knowledge of healthy environments for children, the characteristics of a health care provider and the ability to communicate with children in order to help them develop and keep them safe.
An exam booklet is provided through the INA website. This booklet provides sample questions, concerning the child's physical development, the nutrients which should be included on a child's daily menu and when attention deficit disorder is most commonly diagnosed.

Retaking the Exam

If the nanny doesn't pass this exam, he or she may retake it after six months. INA recommends that the nanny enrolls in a nanny education program and attends childcare conferences and workshops, which detail childcare education.

Online Youth Ministry Degree Program Information

Online degree programs in youth ministry are available at several colleges, universities and seminaries throughout the United States. Bachelor's and master's degree programs in youth ministry are the most common options hosted online, though distance-learning certificate and associate's degree programs are also offered by some schools.

Online Bachelor's Degree Program in Youth Ministry Overview

Students completing a 4-year program in youth ministry online may be awarded a Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor of Science. Some schools might require applicants to have completed up to 30 prior college credits and have some work experience in order to study religion and counseling through such a program.

Online Program Information and Requirements

Bachelor's degree programs can be delivered entirely online or presented through a hybrid combination of on-campus and distance-education courses. Some programs might also include live seminars and internships. Many programs require the completion of 120 credit-hours total, with 60 or more taken in the major area of study.
Although these programs in particular do not require hardware or software components, students completing online youth ministry classes are expected to have access to a computer with reliable access to the Internet. They should have a recent operating system and Web browser, but other technical requirements vary by program and school.

Common Online Courses in Youth Ministry

The curriculum of an online bachelor's degree program in youth ministry emphasizes the development of teaching, leadership, communication and counseling skills. Additional courses in history, philosophy and psychology might also be required. Some colleges offer a live ministry experience under the supervision of a mentor.

Youth Ministry Theology Course

This class examines the religious or biblical philosophies of youth ministry. Other topics are effective methods of adolescent counseling and youth spiritual growth.

Youth Ministry Leadership Course

Topics in this course include mentoring responsibilities, teaching methods, management and ethics. Lessons also explore leadership theories relating to biblical concepts and ideologies.

Youth Ministry Teaching Course

Students learn educational theories and teaching methods as applied to youth ministry. Lectures might also focus on curriculum planning and the development of communication skills.

Graduate Career Information

Those holding a bachelor's degree in youth ministry can find employment in churches, schools or youth service organizations. Salaries vary depending mostly on employer type, and Payscale.com reports that even such factors as church denomination can affect wages. The site further reports a national annual range of $26,000-$39,000 earned by youth ministers as of 2010.

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Online Master's Degree Program in Youth Ministry Overview

Some schools with graduate-level youth ministry programs require that master's degree candidates already hold a bachelor's degree, preferably in religious studies; however, it may be permissible for applicants to and have only taken some college-level courses in biblical studies, theology and religious history. This program commonly awards a Master of Arts; however, while a Master of Arts in Youth Ministry is uncommon, the subject might be an area of concentration offered through an online program such as the Master of Arts in Ministry, Master of Arts in Counseling or Master of Arts in Religious Education.

Online Program Information and Requirements

Many online master's degree programs require students to complete at least 36 credit-hours, though some might require the completion of as many as 66 credits. Classes may be offered through hybrid programs or be presented entirely through the Web. Most programs include an internship or live mentoring experience, although these may be arranged so that they take place local to the student. Computer requirements are minimal, but require up-to-date functionality including an e-mail server, media player and access to the Internet.

Common Online Courses in Youth Ministry

The curriculum of an online master's degree program in youth ministry focuses on theories, methods, research and counseling skills relating to youth ministry. Program coursework might also address youth spiritual growth and development, communications, management strategies and theology.

Youth Ministry Counseling Course

Pastoral counseling and spiritual guidance are topics of discussion. Students focus on both adolescent and family counseling.

Theories of Counseling Course

This class explores counseling theories relating to theology. Students also learn the history of counseling theories and counseling techniques, and study methods commonly used in youth ministry.

Youth Ministry Communication Course

Students learn and practice basic and advanced communication strategies. Lessons focus on the oral, visual and written communication methods used to convey spiritual teachings to members of a youth ministry congregation.

Graduate Career Information

Graduates are qualified to handle counseling responsibilities in churches, community organizations or schools. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the job growth rate for all counselors is expected to be 18% between 2008 and 2018. Annual salary wages for counselors vary, with median yearly salaries falling between $30,000 and $50,000 (www.bls.gov). Other career options include teaching and researching biblical studies, often at the university level.

Online Victim Advocate Classes, Courses and Training Programs

Online victim advocate classes provide the skills and training needed for professionals who work with crime victims. Most students who complete class work receive a victim advocacy certificate. Online classes can be found within many criminal justice and social work bachelor's and master's degree programs, as well as in some paralegal training programs.

Overview of Online Victim Advocate Courses and Training Programs

Students may earn a Certificate of Completion in Victim Advocacy by taking online classes as part of a bachelor's or master's degree program in legal studies, criminal justice or social work. The program objective includes helping victims deal with the devastating effects that crime has on the lives of individuals and families impacted by it by understanding the various issues involved. In addition, students learn how to provide assistance to victims during and after times of crisis resulting from criminal activity. Graduates work as victim advocates in various settings, including domestic violence shelters, crisis centers and with state and county offices that assist victims. Other career options include careers as probation, parole or peace officers and social workers.

Course Requirements

Online classes and training programs require basic Web page navigation skills and access to a computer with Internet connection. Students should have a general knowledge of creating and attaching files and using chat forums, message boards and e-mail. School websites list information regarding additional technology requirements.

List of Online Victim Advocate Courses

Most online victim advocate training programs focus on the same material and present it as a single course. Students can expect to complete training in about seven weeks.

Victim Advocacy Course

The class provides students with a basic introduction of victim advocacy and victims' rights legislation. Students learn how the legal process works. The course also includes training for community and grief counseling and crisis intervention. Graduates understand the steps to helping victims receive temporary restraining orders and find employment. Specific topics covered in most classes include:

• Legal terminology and process
• Guardianships
• Domestic violence
• Rape
• Suicide
• Child abuse
• Sexual assault
• Homicide and murder
• Battery and robbery
• Venue and jurisdiction

Online U.S. History Courses Overview

U.S. history courses focus on the people, places and events that have impacted America's cultural, political and economic development. Many colleges offer online U.S. history courses within Bachelor of Arts in History programs or as elective courses for other liberal arts degree programs.

Overview of Online U.S. History Courses

Online U.S. history courses are offered at the undergraduate and graduate level. Some courses are part of the general education requirements for degree programs, while others can be taken either as electives or as core courses for an Associate of Arts, Bachelor of Arts or Master of Arts in History.

Course Requirements

A basic level of skill in computer use and Internet navigation is helpful for online students. Consistent computer access along with high speed Internet, standard word processing software and an email account may be required. An orientation course for first-time online students is offered by many colleges, and usually includes information on accessing the school's online class portal, computer help desk contact information and the school's policies on plagiarism and academic honesty.

List of Online U.S. History Courses

U.S. History Course

In some cases, U.S. history courses cover enough in-depth material to be split into multiple parts. A typical first part of this course focuses on the birth and progression of the United States, starting with the Mayflower colonies and continuing through the Civil War era. Topics include the challenges faced by the initial European settlers, conflicts involving Native American populations, the struggle for American independence from European rule, statehood and slavery's rise and demise.
If the course is split into two parts, the second part might include analysis of American historical events beginning in the late 19th century and continuing through present day events. The major political, economic and social topics covered will likely include the World Wars, the Great Depression, industrialization and the civil rights movement. This general education course is typically taken in the first year of a degree program. Students participate by conducting online research, emailing assignments, joining class discussion groups and completing exams via the class website.

American Civil War Course

This detailed view of the War Between the States outlines the foundation, major events, decisive battles and ultimate consequences of the Civil War. The course reviews the underlying political, social and economic factors that led to military action over the issues of freedom, statehood and constitutional rights. This course may be a core offering in a Bachelor of Arts in History program and online participation may include class chat rooms, email exchanges and online exams.

Western American History Course

Western history courses usually include a look at the forces that drove America's expansion into western lands in addition to the consequences faced by the new settlers, native tribes and existing European communities. Students investigate the common beliefs, emerging technologies and personalities that fashioned western American civilization from the initial stages of western expansion to modern times. Class Web portals provide information for completing assignments and online class discussions.

Native American History Course

This course offers a historical view of Native American civilizations, including tribal cultures, economic development and relations with colonial Europeans. The course also reviews the interactions and conflicts of indigenous people with the newly formed and expanding American states, the adaptations which were essential for survival, and the status of Native Americans in U.S. society today. The class syllabus provides information on online test taking, assignment completion and discussion boards.

Women in U.S. History Course

This course is typically offered as an elective. It includes an in-depth study of women's roles and their impact on American history, politics and cultural development, beginning in pre-colonial times and extending through current-day events. Assignments and exams are submitted either via email or through the class Web portal.

U.S. History and Popular Culture Course

An exploration of the impact that popular music, film and food has had on America's historical development. Students examine past cultural norms and their contributions to our current view of history. The course might also assess how current popular culture can be useful in facilitating future historical change. Commonly offered as an elective, this course usually may be taken at any juncture in a bachelor's degree program. Students participate in the class using online tools including email, group discussion boards and online exams.

Online Theology Schools: How to Choose

Online theology schools offer master's degrees and doctorates in a range of theological and ministerial topics. Choosing an online theology program will depend greatly on the residency requirements and church affiliation of the school.

Choosing an Online Theology School

Residency Requirements

All of the accredited theology schools that offer online programs have residency requirements that should be considered when searching for an online theology school. While this means that some of the coursework can be done online, students must also attend required residential intensives or courses on-campus. The schedule and length of these residential intensives can vary between schools. On-campus requirements can range from one week per year to three weeks in the summer or three days every three months.

Church Affiliation

Another consideration when investigating online theology schools is church affiliation. There are many multi-denominational and non-denominational theology schools. However, there are also denominational-specific schools for students that prefer direct church support and affiliation.

List of Online Theology Degrees

Online Master of Arts in Practical Theology

An online master's degree in practical theology is generally a 60-credit hour program, with up to 30 credit hours that can be earned online. The core curriculum may include courses in research and writing, principles of Bible study, spiritual formation, Old and New Testament, biblical discipleship and practical ministry. Some programs allow students to also choose a concentration such as church and ministry, worship and renewal or interdisciplinary studies.

Online Master of Arts in Youth Ministry Leadership

Students can earn a master's degree in youth ministry leadership online with 42 credit hours; in some cases a research project is also required. Students study topics involving history of youth ministry, relational youth evangelism, biblical theology, communication strategies, assessment strategies, ministering to at-risk youth and the sociology of adolescence in Western society.

Online Master of Divinity

A Master of Divinity degree is the most commonly required degree for those seeking ordination. Depending on the program, an online Master of Divinity degree requires about 90 credit hours to complete. Foundational coursework engages the student in personal theological reflection and may include biblical interpretation, pastoral care and pulpit ministry.
Master of Divinity programs may offer concentrations in biblical interpretation, Christian education, youth ministries and practical theology. Some schools also offer additional tracks of study such as worship and renewal, church and ministry or biblical studies.

Online Doctor of Ministry

Online Doctor of Ministry programs may require approximately 36-credit hours and a dissertation to graduate. Programs investigate leading spiritual formation, a spiritual leader's life and values, and mobilization and management of the church. Some programs also offer concentrations in leadership, military ministry, community transformation, clinical pastoral education or ministry leadership coaching.

Online Textile Course Information

Online textile courses cover topics like the history and evolution of the textile industry, textile products and their uses, production methods and textile technology. These courses can be found in both undergraduate and graduate level programs in clothing and design, textile and apparel management, fashion design or textile science.

Overview of Textile Courses Available Online

Online textile courses are part of programs that prepare students to work in the fashion or textile industries, including apparel and merchandising, interior design and trend forecasting. These courses can be part of a program in fashion design and marketing, apparel and merchandising, fibers and textiles, textile technology or textile fundamentals.
Examples of specific degrees and fields of study that incorporate textile courses include a Bachelor of Science in Apparel and Merchandising, Bachelor of Arts in Textile and Apparel Management, Master of Arts in Textiles Clothing and Design, Master of Science in Textiles and an interior design certificate. Textile studies are undertaken by prospective textile designers, textile forecasters, fashion designers, interior designers, laboratory researchers and those working at various positions in the textile supply chain.

Course Requirements

These online courses typically require an updated computer with a high-speed processor and Internet access. Sufficient available memory, a graphics card, sound card with speakers and anti-virus software are also needed. In addition, students should have a personal e-mail address and an updated Web browser. Some programs may also require you to download or purchase specific design software.

List of Online Textile Courses

Introduction to Textiles Course

An overview of the different types of textiles, including their fibers, structures, characteristics and uses, are the focus of this online course. Animal, plant, mineral and synthetic sources are covered, in addition to the general textile families. Students are also introduced to the textile industry and various professions in the flied.

Textile History Course

This course provides an in-depth look at textile use throughout history, from ancient origins to modern-day times. The economic and technical history of textiles is discussed, along with the role of textiles in political and social contexts. This includes an online discussion of stylistic variations over time and among cultures. Finally, an overview of the evolution of production and manufacturing methods are considered.

Textile Forecasting and Marketing Course

Online students enrolled in this course learn to identify trends in the design and fashion industries in order to anticipate demands for all sectors of the textile chain. Students learn how doing so can increase productivity and sales. Properties such as color, texture and design are considered, as well as past buying patterns. Students also learn the importance of keeping abreast of new textile and fabric technologies.

Textile Technology and Fiber Science Course

The chemical structure of fibers and polymers, processes of converting fibers into textiles and performance testing methods are covered in this course. Students learn about different types of natural and manufactured fibers and how they are classified, as well as the differences in composition, properties and utilization.

Online Sociology Degree Program Options

Sociologists work to understand and improve social conditions by examining human institutions and populations across cultural and historical boundaries. An online bachelor's degree program in sociology is ideal for students interested in careers with government or social justice organizations.

Online Bachelor's Degree in Sociology Overview

Sociology is a field that examines at human and group behavior and population changes across cultures and time. In an online sociology bachelor's degree program, students complete general education classes and study culture, history and politics from a social perspective. Classwork requires strong skills in written communication and in mathematics, specifically statistical analysis. A bachelor's degree in sociology may be useful for students considering careers in social work, public policy, or government.

Online Program Information and Requirements

Some universities offer bachelor's degrees in sociology through programs that can be completed entirely online, with no campus visits required. Other programs make use of a hybrid format, providing some coursework online but requiring on-campus attendance for some classes. In most programs, coursework can either be completed full-time on a traditional 4-year schedule, or part-time to accommodate a student's work or family schedule.
Most universities offer online classes through a course management system (CMS), such as Blackboard, that stores readings, lectures and assignments and provides a discussion board for students and professors. Students may need software for playing audiovisual software. Textbook purchase is usually required.

List of Common Courses

Students in a bachelor's program must complete general-education coursework in the humanities, natural and physical sciences, and arts. Within the major, classes focus on various aspects of sociology and on statistical methods.

History of Social Theory Course

Courses in historical social theory look at the texts and theories of significant sociologists and their predecessors. Students can expect to study the work of noted sociologists such as Durkheim, Veblen, DuBois and Adorno.

Social Class and Status Course

A course on social class and status examines the inequalities in contemporary and historical societies. Racial, gender, class and sexuality-based groups are examined, as are the techniques employed by dominant groups to maintain inequalities.

Social Deviance Course

This class explores violence, sexual assault, criminal acts and other behaviors that deviate from social norms. Societal responses to deviance in the forms of sanctions and stigmatization are also covered.

Career Information for Graduates

Graduates of sociology programs may work in a wide variety of fields, from nonprofit leadership to urban planning or government work. Social work is particularly closely connected to a sociology major, and is a growing field that provides many entry-level opportunities for recent graduates. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, median annual wages for social workers in 2008 were $39,530 (www.bls.gov).

Continuing Education Information

Although sociology is a field in which advanced degrees are common, few universities currently offer fully online master's or doctoral programs. Some offer hybrid programs, in which students complete some courses online and come to campus for other classes or for periodic meetings with professors.

Online Sociology Classes and Courses Overview

Online sociology courses teach the study of society and social life. These courses explore various aspects of human social interaction, including marriage and families, sex and gender roles and social problems. Sociology can be taken as an elective course or as a minor or major emphasis in a 2- or 4-year online degree program.

Summary of Online Sociology Classes and Courses

Online sociology courses explore the causes and consequences of human behavior in society. Students examine the major theories of social life and look at how people interact with organizations, groups and societies. They study the social dynamics of race, social class, religion, gender and crime. Students may pursue elective or degree programs in sociology. Sociologists are employed as school counselors, probation officers, social services coordinators, caseworkers, family and victim advocates and law enforcement officers.

Course Requirements

Students taking online courses need a computer with Internet access, preferably a high-speed cable or DSL connection. Web-based classes are delivered through an online educational portal, where students log in to view course material, assignments and grades. Students must know how to send e-mail with attachments and have basic computer skills. Online courses take the same amount of time as traditional classes. Testing may be done online or through an off-campus testing site. Students stay in touch with their instructors through e-mail, bulletin boards and telephone.

List of Online Sociology Courses

Social Psychology Course

Students in this online course study how people function each day. They learn how social forces affect individual behavior. They explore human interaction and the effects cultural environment has on individuals.

Social Problems Course

Online sociology course students examine the various social problems facing our communities, including the lack of health care, crime, poverty, discrimination and violence. They learn why these problems occur and how to assess their extensiveness. Students use theoretical lessons to create and implement solutions.

Criminal Justice Course

Students review criminal behavior and crime in America. They study the sociological theories and the procedures used to treat criminal offenders. They learn about the criminal justice system and its operation under the U.S. Constitution.

Sociology of Sex Roles Course

This online course explores the psychological, social and physiological development of sex roles and sex identity. Students review the socialization methods from infancy through adulthood. They review how women and men are impacted by the contemporary changes in sex roles.

Aging and Society Course

Students are exposed to the psychological, biological and sociological aspects of aging. They review the relationship between aging and society, including the community services available for the elderly. Students examine how aging affects an individual's religion, education and family.

Family and Marriage Course

This online course reviews the evolution of marriage and family as social institutions. Students learn how the family structure relates to social groups and the dynamic changes that take place. They explore how families vary in different cultures.

Social Statistics and Research Course

Students review the statistical and research methods used in sociology. They interpret and evaluate this research. Students answer sociological questions using statistical tools.

Online Social and Community Services Degree Program Overviews

Education programs dealing with social and community services can be found through online or hybrid bachelor's or master's degree programs in social work. Social workers help locate the resources needed to support families, communities and individuals with social and health-related issues.

Overview of an Online Social Work Bachelor's Degree Program

Online bachelor's degree programs in social work prepare students for entry-level positions in areas such as public and private welfare agencies, mental health facilities, women's shelters, senior services and youth-related programs. Students learn skills in counseling and support related to psychosocial issues. Graduates are usually awarded a Bachelor of Social Work (BSW) degree. Some programs award a Bachelor of Science (BS) degree in areas such as Interdisciplinary Social Science (ISS), or general studies with a human service specialization. Prospective students may need to complete prerequisite coursework, have a minimum grade point average on previous studies, submit a personal statement and complete competency testing in areas such as computer or communication skills. An associate's degree in a related discipline is also recommended by some schools.

Program Information and Requirements

These programs consist of general education and major requirements totaling approximately 128 credit hours and four years of studies, or less for students who transfer prior credits from other schools. Registration, class participation, communication and assignments are all completed online. Most schools also provide electronic library resources and technical help desk access. However, programs often require substantial field work that must be completed in person.

List of Common Courses

The coursework in bachelor's degree programs typically includes general education requirements in humanities, social sciences, natural science, English, history and math. Classes in the major commonly cover topics in sociology, psychology, family dynamic, human behavior and diversity.

Introduction to Sociological Theory Course

This course studies theories in sociology with a concentration on oppression, social justice, historical foundations and social service systems. The values, ethics, methods used, current practices and overall profession of social work are explored in different settings.

Diversity and Human Behavior Course

The socioeconomic, historical, political and cultural issues in human and social service work are studied in this class. Topics of concentration include race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, disabilities and economic status.

Marriage and Family Sociology Course

Family sociology courses explore techniques for applying social work principles within family relationships. The class covers dating, sexuality, marriage, divorce, parental and other relationships, as well as discussing strategies for dealing with children and adolescents.

Career Information for Graduates

In 2008, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) reported that entry-level positions in social work required a bachelor's degree, as well as licensing, certification or registration. The BLS also reported that employment of social workers was expected to increase sixteen percent between 2008 and 2018 (www.bls.gov).

Licensing, Certification, Registration and Continuing Education Information

All states have specific requirements in licensing, certification and registration in social work. Along with an accredited academic program, most require a specific number of hours of fieldwork. Graduate degree programs are available in several concentrations of social work for those desiring further education.

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Overview of an Online Social Work Master's Degree Program

Online master's degree programs in social work (MSW) include higher-level education in social work techniques and in social research. Many offer an advanced-track program in specialty social work concentrations for those students already possessing a BSW degree. All prospective students must possess a bachelor's degree, and typically previous coursework in social work is also required before entry into the MSW program.

Program Information and Requirements

Online traditional track social work master's degree programs take approximately three to four years to complete part-time, while full-time traditional or part-time advanced standing sequences take about two years. Credit requirements range from 36 to 66 hours over the course of six to12 semesters. Some programs require in-person education in a social work setting before completion. Online courses consist of the same education as traditional instruction, and are completed via the webcast and other media delivery methods.

List of Common Courses

Core master's degree-level courses in social work concentrate on quantitative and qualitative research topics, hypotheses, findings and action plans. The curriculum also advances skills in human behavior and overall knowledge of the theories and practices of sociology.

Social Environment and Human Behavior Course

Theories in social work related to human behaviors, motivations, health issues and functions are studied in this class. Individual, family and group systems are considered. Elements in society including different value systems, justices, rights and conditions are also examined.

Social Work Practices and Foundations Course

Advanced practice topics of social empowerment, justice, dynamics and change are covered. Student learn to apply advanced methods in group, individual, organizational and family social work.

Research in Social Work Course

Interpretive and analytical research models, framework, sampling, measuring, design, issues, conclusions and reliability are explored in this class. The class also emphasizes the use of critical thinking skills in developing knowledge of social work.

Career Information for Graduates

According to the BLS, medical and public health social workers earned a median annual wage of $46,300 in May of 2009. Some positions require a master's degree in social work or a related discipline for employment (www.bls.gov).

Continuing Education Information

For those wishing to pursue further education, many schools offer Ph.D. programs in social work and some are available online. These programs can be helpful for those pursuing teaching, administrative or scholarly positions in social work.

Online Social Work Degrees and Certificate Programs

Social workers assist people with emotional and practical issues impacting daily life, such as family, job, health and relationship issues. A master's degree is highly sought after for managerial positions within the field. Individuals interested in distance learning can take advantage of online master's programs and hybrid doctoral programs.

Online Master's Degree Programs in Social Work Overview

Social workers work with individuals and families coping with emotional and practical issues related to work, school, family and relationships, with the goal of mental and situational improvement. Additionally, social workers can advocate for better standards and services, conduct research and become active in policy improvement and implementation. Clinical social workers need a Master of Social Work (MSW), and employers may prefer candidates with an MSW for managerial and supervisory positions.

Program Information and Requirements

A Master of Social Work program can typically be completed in 2-3 years. Distance learners will need a computer and high-speed Internet to access course management systems and online presentations. Communication with instructors and classmates is conducted by e-mail. Since academic papers may be required for certain courses, students need word processing software.

List of Common Master of Social Work Courses

At the master's level, students take more specific, advanced courses in sociology and psychology than in a bachelor's degree. Courses focus on positive human social adjustment, policies, procedures and human social development.

Social Development from Birth to Adolescence Course

Students focus on human developmental patterns from birth through adolescence, using eco-systems and development frameworks. Students look at development in context of the individual, family and other groups.

Basics of Social Policy Course

This course gives a comprehensive overview of current policies and procedures governed by social legislation. It focuses on policy analysis as it affects disadvantaged persons, using precedent to promote advocacy in today's society and working towards social justice.

Basics of Assessment and Diagnostic Testing Course

Students analyze the mental health and adaptive capabilities of individuals, families and groups in the context of social environment. The course also features a brief history of the development of mental emotional disorders and the impact society has on mental health.

Career Info

Social workers may focus on an area such as adoption, child protective services, domestic violence or homelessness. According to a December 2009 report by the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (www.bls.gov), 54% of social workers work in healthcare and social assistance and another 31% work for government agencies. In September 2010, Salary.com reported the median annual salary for social workers with an MSW to be $54,244.

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Online Doctorate Degree Program Social Work Overview

Doctor of Philosophy focus on human social development, the state of current social services, patient advocacy and policy change. A master's degree is a prerequisite.

Program Information and Requirements

A Ph.D. program in social work can usually be completed in about 2-3 years. Although no degree programs offer a Ph.D. completely online, hybrid programs combine online coursework with short on-campus residencies. For online coursework, students need a computer with high-speed internet access. Because some courses require academic papers, a word processing software program is necessary.

List of Common Courses in Social Work at the Doctoral Level

A doctoral program curriculum consists primarily of advanced seminars and extensive self-directed research with the goal of a completed dissertation. Courses explore in-depth the relationship with and the successful functioning of challenged individuals in society.

Quantitative Analysis and Reasoning Course

Students learn and practice quantitative research at the doctorate level with a focus on data analysis and using statistics. Students look at quality assurance, ethical and social outcomes of research, appropriate analytical tests, and statistics.

Psychology and Culture Course

Students focus on global impact of cross-culture in contemporary society and psychology. This courses give a broad overview of issues related to human development, such as the relationship between culture and social behaviors, general mental health and social disorders.

Human Development Over the Lifespan Course

This course gives students a comprehensive overview of human development and changes that occur in childhood, adolescence, adulthood and mature age. Students study basic physical, emotional and cognitive milestones that occur in each stage. The role of diversity throughout the life experience is a focal point.

Career Information

The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (www.bls.gov) expected 20% growth in employment of mental health and substance abuse social workers and a 22% growth for medical and public health social workers from 2008-2018. Salary.com reported a median salary of $75,322 for social workers in September 2010.
Besides working as social workers and researchers, individuals with a Ph.D. in social work are able to teach college and university social work courses. A September 2010 report by Salary.com showed the median annual salary of university professors to be $81,017.

Online Social Work Courses, Classes and Training Information

Professionals currently working in the human services field and individuals interested in social work careers can take online classes to gain the education, knowledge and training necessary to help them improve the lives of other people. Courses can be applied toward associate's through master's degrees or for continuing education credit, and some training programs offer special certificates. Many social work classes are available online.

Overview of Online Social Work Classes

Online classes can be found within associate's, bachelor's and master's degree programs in social work. Continuing education programs also provide online courses in the subject. Some training programs offer classes where graduates receive specialized certificates in different areas, such as chronic illness, end-of-life care and elder abuse. Career options include social workers in the areas of substance abuse, mental health, school, family and children. Social work administrators, policy makers and researchers are additional possibilities.

Class Requirements

Students need access to a computer with a current Web browser and high-speed Internet connection. They should also have an e-mail account and basic Web navigation skills. Other requirements might include specific software and hardware, such as Microsoft Office Suite, Macromedia Flash Player and a CD player. Instructors and students generally use chat forums, message boards and e-mail to communicate with each other.

List of Online Social Work Classes

Intro to Social Work Class

The course teaches student about the history of the social work profession. Individuals learn how social workers interact with various groups of people in many different settings. Students are also introduced to some of the diagnostic and intervention skills professional social workers use regularly.

Social Work and Psychology Class

Students learn the various aspects of psychology as it relates to the personality, learning modalities and human development of adults, children and adolescents. Students gain an understanding about emotions, dreams, sleep and feelings, as well as the psychology of abnormal behavior.

Social Workers Ethics Class

Instructors and students discuss client rights and ethical dilemmas. Students learn why ethics and values are important for social work professionals, especially as they relate to administration and supervision of clients.

Grant Writing and Research Class

Students learn about research and fundraising strategies. At the end, students know how to develop and effectively communicate their ideas, goals and objectives regarding the needs of their clients.

Elderly and Chronic Illness Class

This training class teaches students about various chronic illnesses and their effects on the lives of elderly clients. Topics discussed include medications and aging, vision and hearing loss, dementia and pain management.

Abuse and the Elderly Class

Students learn how to identify and address elderly abuse, exploitation and neglect. They gain assessment and intervention skills, as well as information about legal aspects and policies surrounding elderly abuse.

Online Social Services Classes and Courses Overview

Those interested in completing their social services education online may choose from undergraduate and graduate certificate and degree programs. Social services specialists may find jobs in the fields of mental healthcare, social work administration, criminal justice or child welfare.

Overview of Online Social Services Courses

There are many social services courses and programs available online, including those offered through associate's, bachelor's or master's degree programs. A short sequence of subject-specific classes may lead to a certificate. Individuals interested in studying social services may be able to find field-specific programs and courses that focus on areas such as criminal justice, child welfare, mental health or substance abuse.

Course Requirements

All social services courses and programs require students to have access to a computer, the Internet, an e-mail account and Microsoft Word. Some instructors, or courses, may require students to purchase textbooks or extra materials to supplement the online material provided.

Online Social Services Courses

Introductory Psychology Course

This course is required for most social services programs. Instructors provide lectures that give students an overview of primary topics in psychology. Students often meet for online discussions where they might talk about how psychology relates to specific areas of social services, such as child welfare or criminal justice.

Introduction to the Social Welfare System Course

This course introduces students to the American social welfare system, including its policies and programs. Instructors often schedule online chats where students may discuss the creation and implementation of social policies and the history and development of the social welfare system.

Introductory Social Work Research Course

Instructors often cover research methods and how to use them for social work. Students may be assessed by turning in research papers through their course's website. Instructors may ask students to pose social work questions through an online discussion board; they will in turn ask students to research and answer the questions of their peers.

Grant Writing Course

In this course, students are introduced to the grant writing process and different types of proposals, such as budget, personnel or purpose statements. Participants may meet online to discuss what types of grants to use in different situations and what to do once grants are approved and funded.

Social Services Administration Course

This course examines administration and leadership theories and practices from a social services perspective. Instructors often give online lectures about management styles, good leadership attributes, decision-making and human interaction. Through video chat, students may engage in role-play scenarios with their peers where they demonstrate good and bad leadership techniques.

Online Social Science Degrees: Overviews by Program Level

Social science broadly refers to a collection of academic disciplines that examines some aspect of human society or human behavior. It is distinct from natural science in that its practitioners must rely on subjective and interpretation of hard data to reach conclusions. Schools offer online degree programs in many social science areas, including anthropology, economics and history.

Overview of an Online Anthropology Bachelor's Degree Program

Online bachelor's degree programs in anthropology engage the study of human ancestry, human culture and human behavior within human-created institutions and social organizations. Students develop their analytical and written communications skills while learning about the anthropological concepts and models developed over the decades. Enrollment in an online bachelor's degree program requires, at a minimum, a high school diploma or general education diploma (GED).

Program Information and Requirements

Coursework in an online anthropology bachelor's degree program consists of readings, teleconferences, group discussions, individual projects and group projects. Materials are accessible on a 24-hour basis for the convenience of working students. Programs may be completed exclusively online or as a mix of online and traditional instruction. Bachelor's degrees are typically earned in four years.
Participation in an online program requires a personal computer, word processing software and an Internet connection. Schools may use content management systems such as Blackboard or Desire2Learn.

List of Common Anthropology Courses

Bachelor's degree programs offered online include general education courses. The subject-specific portion may be structured as a set of core courses and a set of electives.

Cultural Anthropology Course

This course introduces theories of culture and concepts used in cultural analysis. Topics covered include the history of culture and how families, religions, politics and value systems have changed over time.

Gender and Culture Course

Students in this class examine the status and roles of woman and men and the relations between them in different cultural contexts. Viewpoints on anatomy and nature in primitive and modern societies are among the topics addressed.

Language and Culture Course

This course assesses the function of language as a mode of communication and a driver of social relations. Course content also considers the origin, evolution and diversity of language and how it defines the parameters of thought.

Career Information for Anthropology Graduates

Graduates of an online degree program in anthropology can pursue academic careers as field researchers, management consultants and cultural advisors. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (www.bls.gov) projects employment of anthropologists to grow 28% from 2008-2018. The U.S. Department of Defense is one employer that may need anthropologists to help it function in diverse regions around the world. PayScale.com reports that as of July 2010 anthropologists earned a median salary of $41,203.

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Overview of an Online Bachelor's Degree Program in Economics

The production, distribution and consumption of goods and services is explored in an online bachelor's degree program in economics. Students gain fundamental knowledge in not only economics, but also accounting, statistics, behavioral sciences and math. Schools offer programs online at the associate's and master's degree levels as well. A high school diploma or GED is required for enrollment in the bachelor's degree program.

Program Information and Requirements

Online economics bachelor's degree programs may be completed entirely online or as a combination of online and traditional formats. Students typically complete a bachelor's degree in four years. All course content is accessible 24-hours, but assignments must be completed by stated deadlines. A personal computer, presentation software, word processing software and an Internet connection are the minimum technical requirements.

List of Common Economics Courses

A liberal arts component forms part of the economics course content in online bachelor's degree programs. Thus, schools may require students to take courses in the humanities, natural sciences and the arts.

Economics Introductory Course

This course surveys fundamental concepts in economics, such as the interaction of supply and demand, markets and opportunity cost. The history of economic thought is also considered.

Microeconomic Fundamentals Course

Students in this course examine how price and resource availability influence the economic choices of individual households and firms. Core concepts include rational decision-making, market efficiency and marginal profit and cost.

Macroeconomic Fundamentals Course

The aggregate functioning of economies at the national and global levels are the emphasis of this course. Students are acquainted with the business cycle, inflationary and deflationary forces, forecasting and the objectives of monetary and fiscal policy.

Career Information for Economics Graduates

With a bachelor's degree in economics, graduates can pursue positions in business, insurance and finance. Entry-level economist positions with a government agency require a bachelor's degree, with additional course work in accounting, calculus or statistics. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that employment of economists will increase six percent over the years 2008-2018. As of May 2009, the median salary of economists was $86,930 (www.bls.gov).

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Online Bachelor's Degree in History Overview

As an undergraduate history major, students examine past events in human societies and civilizations with the aim of identifying patterns of cause and effect. Students learn to assimilate factual information into coherent narratives about the past, and consider different narratives based on different interpretations of facts. Schools require bachelor's degree candidates to have either a high school diploma or GED.

Program Information and Requirements

Students may earn a bachelor's degree in history entirely online, as an online-traditional hybrid or entirely in a traditional classroom. A personal computer, Internet access and word processing software are required to participate in an online program. Retrieval of all course content, virtual classroom interactions and submission of assignments and exams in an online program are handled through a school's website. Interactions between the students and instructor may take place in online forums, e-mail or telephone. Four years is the typical length of time for completion of an online bachelor's degree program in history.

List of Common History Courses

Degree requirements for an online bachelor's degree in history may include unrelated courses in art, humanities and math. History programs sometimes allow students to specialize in a particular era of history or a particular region of the world.

U.S. History Course

The colonization, development and emergence of the United States as a world power are examined in this course. Topics covered include the Revolutionary War, the adoption of constitutional government, the debate over slavery and the Civil War, industrialization and various social movements for change.

Modern European History Course

This course provides an outline of European developments from the medieval age to the present. The crusades, the Renaissance, the eclipse of feudalism by capitalism, the formation of nation-states and major wars are covered in this online course.

World History Course

Students in this course survey the forces that have shaped human civilizations over the past 12,000 years. Course content focuses on technological developments that have facilitated population growth, the demands growth has placed on natural resources and how human societies have overcome or failed to overcome resource constraints.

Career Information for History Graduates

As a field of study based in the liberal arts, an online bachelor's degree in history can lead to many different careers. The American Historical Association (www.historians.org) suggests that graduates can find careers in advertising and public relations, education, law, journalism and media production. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (www.bls.gov) states that bachelor's degree holders are qualified for positions as a research assistant, writer or teacher at the elementary through high school level. According to the BLS, elementary teachers earned a median salary of $50,510 as of May 2009, while middle school teachers earned $50,770 in the same year.

Online Seminary Schools: How to Choose

Religious and theological education is available online at all levels, from certificate through doctoral degree. The many choices for academic focus reflect the large variety of student interests in this field.

How to Choose an Online Seminary School

Award Level

Seminary education is readily available online and includes accredited programs from the certificate through the doctoral degree levels. Christian studies, divinity, biblical studies and religion are possible themes.

Program Types

Seminary programs are usually offered in a hybrid format that includes either one or several visits to campus for seminars or residencies. Program length usually parallels that of traditional learning, though some accelerated programs are available.

List of Common Online Seminary Programs

Online Certificate of Completion in Christian Studies

A certificate program in Christian studies can work well for students not seeking a degree but wishing to enhance their knowledge about the ministry. Courses in ethics, systematic theology, philosophy and the history of Christianity may be presented through Blackboard or another course management system.

Online Associate of Ministry

Associate's degree programs in ministry feature studies of the Old and New Testaments, as well as training in preaching and spiritual counseling. Some programs are geared towards those with prior church experience. Courses may be offered entirely online or in a hybrid format. In both cases, students might need access to multimedia applications to participate in online lectures and discussions.

Online Bachelor of Arts in Biblical Studies

In a bachelor's-level biblical studies program, students develop an understanding of Christianity and its foundations in preparation for church ministry, missions, or continued education through a graduate program. Topics include Bible study, biblical interpretation, world religions, spiritual leadership and personal evangelism. An internship to gain practical experience may be required. Online resources can include discussion boards, synchronous chat programs and a file exchange server to share information with classmates.

Online Master of Divinity

Students in an online Master of Divinity program focus on deepening their knowledge of and facility with Christian scripture and tradition to enhance their spiritual leadership within the church. Some schools offer concentration options, such as family ministry, evangelism, theological research or teaching. Most programs are presented in a hybrid format, with some courses or periodic residencies taking place on campus. Online courses are taught via a learning management system such as ANGEL or Blackboard, and students can converse with classmates through dialogue forums.

Online Master of Arts in Religion

This online degree is designed for students with a personal interest in theology but who aren't intending to be a professional minister. Pastoral and social ethics, interpreting the Gospels, systematic theology and the history of philosophy are among the courses offered. A thesis is commonly required, and some schools provide a mentorship program to assist with coursework and evaluate student growth. Online learning is based on education systems such as Moodle or iTunes U, though many programs require some on-campus time.

Online Doctor of Ministry

An online doctor of ministry degree program is geared towards students who already have a master's degree in a seminary-based field and are currently serving in full-time ministry through a church. Typical courses include leadership, scriptures, global outreach and Biblical counseling. A dissertation is required. Students participate in interactive classes, discussions and group projects online, in addition to spending at least one week on campus for in-person activities.

Online Schools with Religion Degrees: How to Choose

The study of religion covers a broad spectrum of spiritual topics and perspectives. Many religion studies programs offer surveys of major world faiths, providing historical and cultural contexts as well as insight into how religions and societies affect one another in areas such as culture, politics, art and law. In the U.S., many faith-based academic institutions offer degree programs rooted in their systems of belief, and most online religion programs are oriented toward Christianity.

How to Choose an Online School to Earn a Religion Degree

Award Levels

Prior to choosing a school, individuals seeking a degree in religion studies should determine their educational goals. Online religious studies programs may result in bachelor's and master's degrees. There are also certificate and other for-credit programs for part-time students and those who are interested in learning, but not in achieving a complete degree.

Program Format

Online religion programs vary in terms of scheduling and participation requirements; prior to applying, prospective students should consider what type of content delivery, pacing and engagement they're expecting. Classes may be offered on a quarter or semester system depending on the school. Within that framework, courses might be synchronous or asynchronous. With the former, students may be following a standard semester schedule and be held to fixed assignment due dates. With the latter, participants may have more flexibility as to when they complete and submit work.
Students communicate with teachers and classmates mainly via discussion groups and e-mail. With a synchronous program, they may watch live streaming video or meet their professor and classmates online at certain times throughout the week. With a synchronous schedule, discussion may primarily take place through message boards.

Technical Requirements

Because technical requirements vary by school, it's important that students confirm these before enrolling to make sure the have the correct systems and software for distance education. They typically include a newer computer system with high-speed Internet. Schools often require students to have installed a comprehensive software package with word processing, spreadsheet and presentation programs--though additional technical equipment is sometimes needed for specific courses. A content management system, such as Blackboard or ANGEL, may be in place, in which case students receive log-in information to participate. Online students may make use of school's library resources.

Career Choices

Before selecting a school, those seeking a religion degree should identify their career goals and talk to a program representative about what kinds of jobs they'll qualify for upon graduation. Advisors may be able to list the types of jobs and salaries that the program's alumni have gone on to pursue. They may also be able to list certification and continuing education options stemming from the completion of a certain degree program.
In most cases, graduates of studies in religion may work as church leaders, such as ministers and pastors. Sunday school teacher, missionary and chaplain are other potential career titles. Educational requirements for positions vary by faith, church or agency. Those with religious studies training may also be looked upon favorably by employers seeking individuals with strong leadership, social service and communication skills.
According to O*Net Online (www.online.onetcenter.org), job growth for religious workers is expected to grow at a rate of 7-13% from 2008 to 2018, which is about as fast as average for all national occupations. As of 2009, the median wage was $20.65 hourly or $42,950 annually.

List of Online Religious Studies Programs and Courses

Bachelor of Arts in Christian Ministry

Bachelor of Arts programs are usually presented in the context of a particular Christian faith, and they prepare students to pursue ordination as a minister of that faith. Those who don't to enter the ministry may earn the degree as a vehicle for spiritual growth. All graduates are expected to use their learning to live in service to Christ and their faith.
Core education revolves around interpreting the Bible, history of the faith, Christian theology and ministerial practices. Students may choose electives of special interest, such as how to teach Bible study and philosophical reasoning. In addition to the core curriculum, general education topics reflect a focus on the ministry that includes composition, ethics and public speaking.

Master of Divinity in Spiritual Leadership

Online pastoral programs are designed for those who want to be ordained; students are usually already serving in the ministry in some way, such as in a congregation or on a missionary assignment. They must also hold a bachelor's degree that includes some religion education. The Master of Divinity course deepens their knowledge of theology and of their particular faith through lectures, readings, seminars and supervised practice of pastoral activities.
Along with Christian history and theology, topics include offering spiritual guidance, preaching and Bible interpretation. Students also learn about Christian rituals such as weddings and baptisms. Printed and electronic textbooks may be required purchases in addition to tuition. This level of training is typically necessary to meet the educational requirements to pursue ordination within a church.

Master of Arts in Christian Education

Training leaders to provide religious education to today's youth is the purpose of this master's degree program. In addition to background classes in Christian history and theology, topics cover the phases of psychological, spiritual and moral development in childhood and young adulthood. Lessons also address a person's role in family systems and community. Emphasis then shifts to developing effective youth ministry programs, at which point students may choose to focus on teaching in religious schools or working within a church setting.
Students participate in seminars, discussions and, under the guidance of a mentor, they may practice preaching and counseling. Prospective participants must have a bachelor's degree with some emphasis on religious studies; previous ministry experience, including volunteer work, is encouraged.

Online Schools with Degrees for Activity Directors: How to Choose

An activity director is responsible for organizing and implementing activities for residents of nursing homes. Educational opportunities for activity directors may be designed as entry-level training programs or as higher degrees or graduate certificates.

How to Find an Online School for Activity Directors

Degree Focus

There are many degree options that prospective activity directors can choose among. Some, such as degrees in fitness and wellness, are general programs that can serve those entering a variety of different professions. Others, such as associate's degrees specifically for activity directors, may provide specific knowledge of the field, but do not offer the same depth or comprehensiveness as the more general degrees. Because activity directors do not normally need to seek licensure, employers' hiring requirements may vary greatly. Students may wish to speak with managers of local nursing homes to see what their criteria for hiring activity directors are.

Degree Level and Educational Needs

Those who wish to enter a career as an activity director and need entry-level training in the profession have different educational needs from those who are already activity directors and wish to complete continuing education requirements, either to retain their certification or for career advancement purposes. Those seeking an entry-level position should normally look for an associate's or bachelor's degree program in an area that completes their training and fulfills job requirements. Those who wish to complete higher education requirements may find a number of certificate or higher degree options that fit their needs.

Program Options Available Online for Activity Directors

Associate of Applied Science - Activity Director

An associate's degree program for activity directors focuses specifically on issues such as elder care, volunteer management, activity planning, event management, and first aid. Online programs for activity directors are often delivered via education software that combines forums, e-mail, real-time testing capabilities and at times voice or video conferencing capabilities. Normally, associate degree programs, even when presented online, are designed to follow a particular class schedule and have limited flexibility.

Bachelor of Science in Wellness

A bachelor's degree in wellness, health or a related area may often provide the training necessary for a career as an activity director. Students with this objective should examine a degree program carefully before enrolling to ensure that it fills their needs. Most online bachelor's degree programs use the same unified education software as associate's degree programs, but bachelor's degree programs are more likely to allow for scheduling flexibility, making them more suitable for adults who wish to continue working full time while completing their degree.

Online Schools for Interdisciplinary Studies: How to Choose

Degrees in interdisciplinary studies are often appropriate for students with wide-ranging interests that encompass many fields of study. Both associate's and bachelor's degrees are available online.

How to Choose an Online School for Interdisciplinary Studies

Degree Focus and Available Electives

A degree in interdisciplinary studies is a general degree program that allows students with diverse academic interests a great deal of freedom in designing their own program of study. This degree may be used in a number of different career paths, depending on the focus a student chooses. Colleges have different requirements for interdisciplinary studies students and some colleges offer more online courses in a given area than other colleges. Students should choose a college based on what classes they are most interested in taking.

Time Requirements and Format

Different colleges offer courses in different formats, which may require more or less time commitment from students. Some courses provide a flexible schedule that allows students to choose when they complete their work, only requiring them to complete all courses by a specific day when class ends. These classes normally have no time-based attendance requirements, though they usually do require that students participate in class discussions through a message board or forum.
Other classes are designed to provide a traditional class schedule, with regular attendance via video or voice communication, often including streaming video of lectures. Students in classes of this sort must turn in assignments and tests on specific days. Online courses in this format may be intended as accelerated programs at times. Students should choose an institution that offers classes to suit their time requirements.

Online Degree Programs in Interdisciplinary Studies

Associate of Science in Interdisciplinary Studies

An associate of science in interdisciplinary studies is often designed for students who wish to go on to a bachelor's degree, often at a different college, that may be in a more specific subject. Students in an interdisciplinary studies program usually cover subjects that include history, mathematics, English, writing and social studies. This type of online degree program is often flexible because there are few or no required courses with a concentration in a particular area. This means that students may choose either accelerated courses or those with long, flexible schedules as they desire.

Bachelor of Interdisciplinary Studies

Bachelor's degrees in interdisciplinary studies may be intended for students who will proceed to complete higher level degrees afterward or who wish to pursue a program of study not generally available as a formal major. Classes resemble those required for an associate's degree but often discuss topics in more depth or at a higher level. Online bachelor's degree programs in interdisciplinary studies are usually flexible, allowing students to set their own schedules. Some programs offer accelerated options that allow students to graduate in three years or less.

Online Schools for Human Services: How to Choose

Students can study the field of human services and obtain their degree online. They must first determine what level of program they wish to pursue as well as decide on a concentration.

How to Select an Online Human Services School

Program Levels

Both undergraduate and graduate degrees are available from online schools. A student may pursue a B.A. in Human Services, an Associate of Arts with a concentration in human services management and a General Human Services Ph.D. specialization.

Concentrations

Schools differ with respect to the concentrations they offer. A typical Ph.D. in Human Services can concentrate in fire service administration, forensics, homeland security, public administration or public health. An Associate of Arts in Human Services may concentrate in business, criminal justice, education and health. A Bachelor of Arts may offer specializations in advocacy, child and family services, corrections, gerontology and mental health programs.

List of Online Human Services Programs

Online Associate of Arts with a concentration in human services management

For this degree, online resources are available like a library and writing center. Technical support teams are available for the online student who downloads learning software. Courses may cover the various aspects of human services management such as ethics, financial planning, administration and public policy.

Online Bachelor's Degree in Human Services

This major is designed under the auspices of the National Organization for Human Services Education. The online student is taught by a unique learning management system which often may be tested on schools' websites. Discussions and communication with the professor are often accomplished by these systems. Courses may include statistics, psychology, ethics, ethnic relations and other career-related training is skills and techniques.
Online Ph.D.in General Human Services
Free online courses can be accessed on schools' websites to try out their online system. A student may have to commit a weekend to an on-campus colloquia. Otherwise, the course of study is completely online. An online courseroom is available for all assignments which contains due dates, and grading requirements. A drop box is also provided to hand in assignments. The syllabus may include courses on diversity in the workplace, ethics, research methods, and healthcare planning.

Online Retail Merchandising Degrees by Program Level

Potential careers in fashion or retail merchandising can include retail sales worker, supervisor, visual merchandiser, management trainee or stylist. Several schools offer fully online certificate programs, as well as associate and bachelor's degrees.

Online Fashion and Retail Merchandising Certificate Program Overview

The flexible certificate program is usually composed of 6-8 classes. The certificate can typically be earned in about one year, but students take classes as their schedules permit, which may extend the amount of time necessary for completion.

Program Requirements

A high school diploma or GED is usually required for acceptance into the certificate program. Online course delivery requires students to have access to a computer with Internet access.

Descriptions of Popular Courses

Certificate courses cover entry-level career skills.

Retail Management Course

Discussing the role of the retail industry in social, economic and global contexts, the class focuses on recognition of the critical business tools needed by retailers to survive in today's markets. Emphasis is placed on the responsibilities of retail personnel.

Customer Service Course

The class concentrates on theories of and techniques to promote customer satisfaction and loyalty. Case studies examine companies known for excellent customer service. Customer complaints, ethics and problem resolution strategies are discussed.

Career Statistics

The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics expected employment to remain strong for retail salespersons. Median hourly wages, including commissions, were $9.86 in May 2008. Without a college degree, advancement is expected to be limited (www.bls.gov).

Continuing Education

Completion of the certificate program prepares students for entry-level careers in the retail or fashion industries. Those who wish to advance their careers may pursue a bachelor's degree in fashion or retail merchandising or related major.

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Online Fashion and Retail Merchandising Associate Degree Overview

Students can earn their Associate of Arts (A.A.) degree in about 18-24 months of full-time online study. Classes are designed to be flexible, allowing the student to continue to work while going to school.

Program Requirements

A high school diploma or GED is required for acceptance into the associate program. Because classes are taught online, a computer with Internet access is required.

Descriptions of Popular Courses

An associate degree typically includes general education courses in communications and math which supplement the business and marketing major requirements

Retail Merchandise Management Course

Students learn theories and concepts of selling retail merchandise. Economic and financial topics, such as profit planning, supply and demand, buying plans and budgeting the operating costs of retail facilities are discussed. A study of types of retail spaces, including their layouts, organizational patterns and location choices is also included in the course.

Marketing Course

This course focuses on marketing as it relates to the U.S. economy, and relates general marketing principles to the retail industry. Students will learn the importance of appropriately promoting, pricing, planning and distributing retail goods and services.

Career Statistics

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, high turnover and growth of retail industries should permit employment to remain strong for retail salespersons, with about 4.5 million jobs held in 2008. Larger businesses typically prefer to hire college graduates for management trainees (www.bls.gov).

Continuing Education

Completion of the associate degree prepares graduates for an entry-level position in the retail or fashion industry; some employers may consider the graduate for a management trainee. Higher-level positions may require a bachelor's degree in fashion or retail merchandising or related major.

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Online Fashion and Retail Merchandising Bachelor Degree Overview

Several types of bachelor's degrees are offered, including the Bachelor of Science (B.S.) and Bachelor of Arts in Business Administration (B.A.B.A.) with concentration in retail management. Students with no prior college education generally require at least 3-4 years studying full-time to earn their degree.

Program Requirements

A high school diploma or GED is a prerequisite to enroll in the program; some schools may require a minimum high school grade point average. Technical requirements are generally limited to a computer with Internet access for accessing coursework online

Descriptions of Popular Courses

At the bachelor's degree level, fashion and retail marketing courses focus on management and personnel rather than customer service. General education courses include many of the same required math and English classes as the associate degree.

In-Store Visual Strategy Course

The course provides insight into the psychology of visual displays, including multiple strategies and techniques retailers commonly use to appeal to customers. Students examine types of visual displays and learn how they impact the customer, as well as the overall retail environment.

Retail Leadership Course

Often included as a capstone course in the curriculum, the class applies knowledge and skills in multiple aspects of retail environment management. Addressing topics and issues in customer service, merchandising, human resources, visual merchandising and other related skills and duties - and examining how all relate to one other - is the end goal of this course.

Career Statistics

The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics expects employment growth for supervisors of retail sales workers to be slower than average. The median annual wages of supervisors of retail sales workers were $35,310, including commissions, in May 2008. Advancement opportunities include the potential to be promoted into public relations, advertising, marketing and sales management, as well as purchasing agents, buyers or purchasing managers (www.bls.gov).

Online Religion Degrees: Program Options

Degrees in religion are useful for spiritual leaders and individuals who wish to learn about the development and influence of religion in modern culture. Both Bachelor of Arts and Master of Arts programs are available online. Most programs are based on studies of Christianity.

Online Bachelor's Degree in Religion

There are several online programs available for a Bachelor of Arts (BA) in Religious Studies. Many religion programs focus on Christian themes, but introduce the history and principles of various Eastern and Western religions. Most programs emphasize the Bible as a source material for theological and pastoral education. Related subjects of study include theology, philosophy, Bible studies, religious education, Christian studies and ministry studies.

Program Information and Requirements

The BA program can be completed in four years. Programs offered online do not require any in-person work or campus visits. Students obtain information about their assignments through the class's website or directly from the instructor.
Classmates and instructors interact on the phone or through chats, e-mail and online discussion forums. Students need a microphone and speaker to enable voice communication and to hear audio information. Recent versions of browsers and word processing software are recommended.

List of Common Bachelor's Level Religion Courses

While religions programs study spiritual beliefs worldwide, the majority of courses are related to Christianity. Students carefully examine the Old and New Testament. General education courses in English, science and a foreign language are required to complete the bachelor's degree. Students are also expected to take complimentary courses in psychology, history and philosophy.

World Religions Course

This course provides an overview of diverse cultures worldwide and their religious beliefs, values and practices. Special consideration is given to major religions, such as Judaism, Islam, Hinduism and Buddhism. Students investigate the interaction of other religions on Christianity.

Theology Course

This course deals with the principles of Christianity, including theories of morality, knowledge of the divine, doctrine and human nature. It is geared towards ministry preparation.

Biblical Interpretation Course

This class provides a historical and geographical background of the Bible and the development of its current state through translation. Students study archeological research regarding the Bible for comprehensive contextual awareness.

Continuing Education Information

There are two types of degrees at the master's level. Master of Arts (MA) in Religion programs are available with online and on-campus options. Online programs for an MA are described below. Students who are interested in training for professional spiritual leadership may seek a Master of Divinity degree program. These programs are intended for individuals interested in becoming ordained as a priest, pastor or other type of minister. Online M. Div. and hybrid programs, with some residency requirements, are both available.

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Online Master's Degree in Religion

Online Master of Arts degrees in Religion focus on Christianity. Students learn graduate-level systematic and historical theology. The programs research the Old and New Testaments of the Bible in-depth for meaning and application.

Program Information and Requirements

Some programs are offered completely online while others are hybrid programs requiring a few courses on-campus. Some schools offer classes throughout the year through asynchronous learning, allowing students to begin a class at their convenience. Other schools require online learners to participate in a set schedule of courses. An online MA program can be completed in approximately three years.
Distance learning through a virtual campus may involve instructional CDs and MP3s as well as online resources. Instructors interact with class participants through two-way video sessions. Students complete and return written assignments through e-mail.

List of Common Master's Level Religion Courses

Many of courses are in systematic theology. Students survey Christian doctrines in the context of history and modern contemporary culture with an anthropological approach. Other courses examine particular sections or figures of the Bible in detail.

History of Christianity Course

This course investigates major periods of Christian development including the Middle Ages and Reformation. It also details key persons in Christian history, such as Ignatius of Antioch, Martin Luther and Justin Martyr.

Eucharist and Baptism Course

This course delves into meaning of Baptism and the Eucharist, exploring these practices from a theological perspective. In terms of practical application, this class explores the relationship of these rites to the congregation. Students also study music related to the ceremony.

Epistles Course

The study of Epistles reviews the didactic letters of the Bible, particularly the writings of Paul. This course appraises their influence on modern Christianity and historical significance for Early Christian churches.

Continuing Education Information

Students who wish to pursue education in religion higher than the master's level can progress to a doctorate. Options include a Ph.D. or a Doctor of Divinity. While Ph.D. religion programs focus more on academics, a D. Min. program is intended for specially educated church leaders. Online doctorate programs related to religion are rare.

Career Information

Graduates of religion degree programs obtain positions within the church as ministers, chaplains (including military chaplains), pastors and missionaries. Other fields of interest include religious education, government and law. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the average annual wage for a clergy member was $46,960 in 2009.